Random number generator using 8051
A random number generator using 8051
that displays a random number between 0 & 99 is shown in this
article. The circuit it self is very simple and may not find any applications
in serious embedded projects and this article is just an illustration. The
circuit is based on AT89S51 microcontroller, two seven segment LED displays,
two transistors and few passive components.
Circuit diagram.
Random number generator using 8051
The two seven
segment LED displays are multiplexed together and their data lines are
connected to Port0 of the microcontroller. Transistors Q1 and Q2 drives
the corresponding displays D1 and D2. The driving signals for there transistors
are obtained from P1.1 and P1.2. Push button switch S1,capacitor C1 and
resistor R10 forms a debouncing reset circuit. Resistor R9, capacitor C2 and
pushbutton switch S2 will provide an active low harware interrupt signal
at INTO (pin12) when ever S2 is pressed. Here also R9 and C2 are meant for
debouncing. After power ON the display will show blank and when push button S2
is pressed the display will show a random number between 0 and 99. For another
try you have to press the reset switch and then switch S2. If you need a single
digit setup only, the remove display D2 and
its associated components. Everything else is same.
Program
ORG 000H
SJMP MAIN
ORG 003H // sets the starting address for the ISR
ACALL ISR // calls the ISR subroutine when S2 is pressed
RETI // return from interrrupt
MAIN:SETB IP.0 // this part sets the initial conditions
SETB TCON.0
SETB IE.0
SETB IE.7
MOV P0,#00000000B
MOV P1,#00000000B
MOV DPTR,#LUT // moves the starting address of LUT to DPTR
LABEL:MOV R6,#99D // this part generates the random number
LOOP:MOV A,R6
DJNZ R6,LOOP
SJMP LABEL
ISR: MOV A,R6 // Subroutine ISR displays the current random number
MOV B,#10D
DIV AB
SETB P1.2
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV P0,A
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,B
CLR P1.2
SETB P1.1
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV P0,A
ACALL DELAY
CLR P1.1
SJMP ISR
RET
DELAY: MOV R3,#02H // this subroutine creates 1mS delay for switching the displays
DEL1: MOV R2,#0FAH
DEL2: DJNZ R2,DEL2
DJNZ R3,DEL1
RET
DISPLAY: MOVC A,@A+DPTR // produces the digit drive pattern for the current digit in A
RET
LUT: DB 3FH // Look up table
DB 06H
DB 5BH
DB 4FH
DB 66H
DB 6DH
DB 7DH
DB 07H
DB 7FH
DB 6FH
END
About the program.
The first part of
the program is the portion labelled MAIN which sets the initial conditions and
the interrupt parameters. The next part is the loop named LABEL which loads 99D
to register R6 then decrements it by 1 until 0 and then repeats the cycle
again. This is the part which generates the random number. Every time R6 is
decremented the resultant value is moved to accumulator A. Next part is the
interrupt service routine which is written as a subroutine named ISR. When ever
there is an interrupt at INT0 (push button S2 is pressed), the ISR is called.
The ISR perfoms necessary mathematical manipulations on the content of A in
order to split out the two digits and then proceeds to show it on the display.
Subroutine DELAY produces roughly 1ms delay for switching the displays.
Subroutine DISPLAY adds the current value in A with the address stored in DPTR
(starting address of LUT) and moves the target content to A. The result will be
the digit drive pattern for the current digit in A.
